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0-e-x-2-cos-x-dx-




Question Number 128982 by bramlexs22 last updated on 11/Jan/21
 ∫_( 0) ^( ∞)  e^(−x^2 )  cos x dx
$$\:\int_{\:\mathrm{0}} ^{\:\infty} \:\mathrm{e}^{−\mathrm{x}^{\mathrm{2}} } \:\mathrm{cos}\:\mathrm{x}\:\mathrm{dx} \\ $$
Answered by mathmax by abdo last updated on 12/Jan/21
let I=∫_0 ^∞ e^(−x^2 ) cosxdx  ⇒2I =∫_(−∞) ^(+∞)  e^(−x^2 ) cosx dx =Re(∫_(−∞) ^(+∞)  e^(−x^2 +ix) dx)  we have ∫_(−∞) ^(+∞)  e^(−x^2  +ix) dx =∫_(−∞) ^(+∞)  e^(−(x^2 −ix)) dx =∫_(−∞) ^(+∞)  e^(−(x^2 −2(i/2)x −(1/4)+(1/4))) dx  =∫_(−∞) ^(+∞)  e^(−(x−(i/2))^2 −(1/4))  dx =_(x−(i/2)=t)  e^(−(1/4))  ∫_(−∞) ^(+∞)  e^(−t^2 ) dt =(√π)e^(−(1/4))  ⇒  I =((√π)/2) e^(−(1/4))  =((√π)/(2(^4 (√e))))
$$\mathrm{let}\:\mathrm{I}=\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\infty} \mathrm{e}^{−\mathrm{x}^{\mathrm{2}} } \mathrm{cosxdx}\:\:\Rightarrow\mathrm{2I}\:=\int_{−\infty} ^{+\infty} \:\mathrm{e}^{−\mathrm{x}^{\mathrm{2}} } \mathrm{cosx}\:\mathrm{dx}\:=\mathrm{Re}\left(\int_{−\infty} ^{+\infty} \:\mathrm{e}^{−\mathrm{x}^{\mathrm{2}} +\mathrm{ix}} \mathrm{dx}\right) \\ $$$$\mathrm{we}\:\mathrm{have}\:\int_{−\infty} ^{+\infty} \:\mathrm{e}^{−\mathrm{x}^{\mathrm{2}} \:+\mathrm{ix}} \mathrm{dx}\:=\int_{−\infty} ^{+\infty} \:\mathrm{e}^{−\left(\mathrm{x}^{\mathrm{2}} −\mathrm{ix}\right)} \mathrm{dx}\:=\int_{−\infty} ^{+\infty} \:\mathrm{e}^{−\left(\mathrm{x}^{\mathrm{2}} −\mathrm{2}\frac{\mathrm{i}}{\mathrm{2}}\mathrm{x}\:−\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{4}}+\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{4}}\right)} \mathrm{dx} \\ $$$$=\int_{−\infty} ^{+\infty} \:\mathrm{e}^{−\left(\mathrm{x}−\frac{\mathrm{i}}{\mathrm{2}}\right)^{\mathrm{2}} −\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{4}}} \:\mathrm{dx}\:=_{\mathrm{x}−\frac{\mathrm{i}}{\mathrm{2}}=\mathrm{t}} \:\mathrm{e}^{−\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{4}}} \:\int_{−\infty} ^{+\infty} \:\mathrm{e}^{−\mathrm{t}^{\mathrm{2}} } \mathrm{dt}\:=\sqrt{\pi}\mathrm{e}^{−\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{4}}} \:\Rightarrow \\ $$$$\mathrm{I}\:=\frac{\sqrt{\pi}}{\mathrm{2}}\:\mathrm{e}^{−\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{4}}} \:=\frac{\sqrt{\pi}}{\mathrm{2}\left(^{\mathrm{4}} \sqrt{\mathrm{e}}\right)} \\ $$

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