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Question Number 122739 by mohammad17 last updated on 19/Nov/20

1)∫_(−π) ^( π) (dx/(sin^2 x+1))    2) ∫_(−∞) ^( ∞) (x^2 /(x^4 +5x^2 +4))dx

$$\left.\mathrm{1}\right)\int_{−\pi} ^{\:\pi} \frac{{dx}}{{sin}^{\mathrm{2}} {x}+\mathrm{1}} \\ $$$$ \\ $$$$\left.\mathrm{2}\right)\:\int_{−\infty} ^{\:\infty} \frac{{x}^{\mathrm{2}} }{{x}^{\mathrm{4}} +\mathrm{5}{x}^{\mathrm{2}} +\mathrm{4}}{dx} \\ $$

Answered by Dwaipayan Shikari last updated on 19/Nov/20

∫_(−∞) ^∞ (x^2 /((x^4 +5x^2 +4)))dx  =∫_(−∞) ^∞ (x^2 /((x^2 +4)(x^2 +1)))dx  =−(1/3)∫_(−∞) ^∞ (1/(x^2 +1))−(4/(x^2 +4))=−(1/3)(π−2π)=(π/3)

$$\int_{−\infty} ^{\infty} \frac{{x}^{\mathrm{2}} }{\left({x}^{\mathrm{4}} +\mathrm{5}{x}^{\mathrm{2}} +\mathrm{4}\right)}{dx} \\ $$$$=\int_{−\infty} ^{\infty} \frac{{x}^{\mathrm{2}} }{\left({x}^{\mathrm{2}} +\mathrm{4}\right)\left({x}^{\mathrm{2}} +\mathrm{1}\right)}{dx} \\ $$$$=−\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{3}}\int_{−\infty} ^{\infty} \frac{\mathrm{1}}{{x}^{\mathrm{2}} +\mathrm{1}}−\frac{\mathrm{4}}{{x}^{\mathrm{2}} +\mathrm{4}}=−\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{3}}\left(\pi−\mathrm{2}\pi\right)=\frac{\pi}{\mathrm{3}} \\ $$

Commented by mohammad17 last updated on 19/Nov/20

thank you mis

$${thank}\:{you}\:{mis} \\ $$

Answered by MJS_new last updated on 19/Nov/20

∫(dx/(1+sin^2  x))=       [t=tan x → dx=(dt/(t^2 +1))]  =∫(dt/(2t^2 +1))=((√2)/2)arctan ((√2)t) =  =((√2)/2)arctan ((√2)tan x) +C  ∫_(−π) ^π (dx/(1+sin^2  x))=4∫_0 ^(π/2) (dx/(1+sin^2  x))  ⇒ answer is π(√2)

$$\int\frac{{dx}}{\mathrm{1}+\mathrm{sin}^{\mathrm{2}} \:{x}}= \\ $$$$\:\:\:\:\:\left[{t}=\mathrm{tan}\:{x}\:\rightarrow\:{dx}=\frac{{dt}}{{t}^{\mathrm{2}} +\mathrm{1}}\right] \\ $$$$=\int\frac{{dt}}{\mathrm{2}{t}^{\mathrm{2}} +\mathrm{1}}=\frac{\sqrt{\mathrm{2}}}{\mathrm{2}}\mathrm{arctan}\:\left(\sqrt{\mathrm{2}}{t}\right)\:= \\ $$$$=\frac{\sqrt{\mathrm{2}}}{\mathrm{2}}\mathrm{arctan}\:\left(\sqrt{\mathrm{2}}\mathrm{tan}\:{x}\right)\:+{C} \\ $$$$\underset{−\pi} {\overset{\pi} {\int}}\frac{{dx}}{\mathrm{1}+\mathrm{sin}^{\mathrm{2}} \:{x}}=\mathrm{4}\underset{\mathrm{0}} {\overset{\pi/\mathrm{2}} {\int}}\frac{{dx}}{\mathrm{1}+\mathrm{sin}^{\mathrm{2}} \:{x}} \\ $$$$\Rightarrow\:\mathrm{answer}\:\mathrm{is}\:\pi\sqrt{\mathrm{2}} \\ $$

Commented by mohammad17 last updated on 19/Nov/20

put sir answer (√(2π))

$${put}\:{sir}\:{answer}\:\sqrt{\mathrm{2}\pi} \\ $$

Commented by MJS_new last updated on 19/Nov/20

sorry you′re right, I corrected my result

$$\mathrm{sorry}\:\mathrm{you}'\mathrm{re}\:\mathrm{right},\:\mathrm{I}\:\mathrm{corrected}\:\mathrm{my}\:\mathrm{result} \\ $$

Commented by mohammad17 last updated on 19/Nov/20

now its right

$${now}\:{its}\:{right} \\ $$

Answered by bemath last updated on 19/Nov/20

(1) let tan ((x/2)) = v ⇒ dx = 2cos^2 ((x/2)) dv   so ∫ (2/(1+v^2 )). (((1+v^2 )^2 )/(v^4 +6v^2 +1)) dv    ∫ ((2(1+v^2 ))/(v^4 +6v^2 +9−8)) dv = ∫ ((2(1+v^2 ))/((v^2 +3)^2 −8)) dv  ∫ ((2(1+v^2 ))/((v^2 +3−(√8))(v^2 +3+(√8)))) dv  continue..

$$\left(\mathrm{1}\right)\:{let}\:\mathrm{tan}\:\left(\frac{{x}}{\mathrm{2}}\right)\:=\:{v}\:\Rightarrow\:{dx}\:=\:\mathrm{2cos}\:^{\mathrm{2}} \left(\frac{{x}}{\mathrm{2}}\right)\:{dv}\: \\ $$$${so}\:\int\:\frac{\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{1}+{v}^{\mathrm{2}} }.\:\frac{\left(\mathrm{1}+{v}^{\mathrm{2}} \right)^{\mathrm{2}} }{{v}^{\mathrm{4}} +\mathrm{6}{v}^{\mathrm{2}} +\mathrm{1}}\:{dv}\:\: \\ $$$$\int\:\frac{\mathrm{2}\left(\mathrm{1}+{v}^{\mathrm{2}} \right)}{{v}^{\mathrm{4}} +\mathrm{6}{v}^{\mathrm{2}} +\mathrm{9}−\mathrm{8}}\:{dv}\:=\:\int\:\frac{\mathrm{2}\left(\mathrm{1}+{v}^{\mathrm{2}} \right)}{\left({v}^{\mathrm{2}} +\mathrm{3}\right)^{\mathrm{2}} −\mathrm{8}}\:{dv} \\ $$$$\int\:\frac{\mathrm{2}\left(\mathrm{1}+{v}^{\mathrm{2}} \right)}{\left({v}^{\mathrm{2}} +\mathrm{3}−\sqrt{\mathrm{8}}\right)\left({v}^{\mathrm{2}} +\mathrm{3}+\sqrt{\mathrm{8}}\right)}\:{dv} \\ $$$${continue}.. \\ $$

Answered by Bird last updated on 19/Nov/20

1) I = ∫_(−π) ^π  (dx/(sin^2 x +1)) ⇒  I =∫_(−π) ^π  (dx/(((1−cos(2x))/2)+1))  =∫_(−π) ^π  ((2dx)/(3−cos(2x)))  =_(2x=t)     ∫_(−2π) ^(2π)   (dt/(3−cost))  =2 ∫_0 ^(2π)   (dt/(3−cost))  =_(z=e^(it) )    2 ∫_(∣z∣=1)       (dz/(iz(3−((z+z^(−1) )/2))))  =−4i∫_(∣z∣=1)    (dz/(z(6−z−z^(−1) )))  =−4i∫_(∣z∣=1)     (dz/(6z−z^2 −1))  =∫_(∣z∣=1)    ((4idz)/(z^2 −6z+1))  ϕ(z)=((4i)/(z^2 −6z +1))  Δ^′  =9−1=8 ⇒z_1 =3+2(√2)  z_2 =3−2(√2)  ϕ(z) =((4i)/((z−z_1 )(z−z_2 )))  ∣z_1 ∣−1 =3+2(√2)−1 =2+2(√2)>0  ∣z_2 ∣−1 =3−2(√2)−1=2−2(√2)<0  ⇒∫_(∣z∣=1)   ϕ(z)dz =2iπ Res(ϕ,z_2 )  =2iπ×((4i)/((z_2 −z_1 ))) =((−8π)/(−4(√2))) =((2π)/( (√2)))  =((2π(√2))/2) =π(√2) ⇒ I =π(√2)

$$\left.\mathrm{1}\right)\:{I}\:=\:\int_{−\pi} ^{\pi} \:\frac{{dx}}{{sin}^{\mathrm{2}} {x}\:+\mathrm{1}}\:\Rightarrow \\ $$$${I}\:=\int_{−\pi} ^{\pi} \:\frac{{dx}}{\frac{\mathrm{1}−{cos}\left(\mathrm{2}{x}\right)}{\mathrm{2}}+\mathrm{1}} \\ $$$$=\int_{−\pi} ^{\pi} \:\frac{\mathrm{2}{dx}}{\mathrm{3}−{cos}\left(\mathrm{2}{x}\right)} \\ $$$$=_{\mathrm{2}{x}={t}} \:\:\:\:\int_{−\mathrm{2}\pi} ^{\mathrm{2}\pi} \:\:\frac{{dt}}{\mathrm{3}−{cost}} \\ $$$$=\mathrm{2}\:\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\mathrm{2}\pi} \:\:\frac{{dt}}{\mathrm{3}−{cost}} \\ $$$$=_{{z}={e}^{{it}} } \:\:\:\mathrm{2}\:\int_{\mid{z}\mid=\mathrm{1}} \:\:\:\:\:\:\frac{{dz}}{{iz}\left(\mathrm{3}−\frac{{z}+{z}^{−\mathrm{1}} }{\mathrm{2}}\right)} \\ $$$$=−\mathrm{4}{i}\int_{\mid{z}\mid=\mathrm{1}} \:\:\:\frac{{dz}}{{z}\left(\mathrm{6}−{z}−{z}^{−\mathrm{1}} \right)} \\ $$$$=−\mathrm{4}{i}\int_{\mid{z}\mid=\mathrm{1}} \:\:\:\:\frac{{dz}}{\mathrm{6}{z}−{z}^{\mathrm{2}} −\mathrm{1}} \\ $$$$=\int_{\mid{z}\mid=\mathrm{1}} \:\:\:\frac{\mathrm{4}{idz}}{{z}^{\mathrm{2}} −\mathrm{6}{z}+\mathrm{1}} \\ $$$$\varphi\left({z}\right)=\frac{\mathrm{4}{i}}{{z}^{\mathrm{2}} −\mathrm{6}{z}\:+\mathrm{1}} \\ $$$$\Delta^{'} \:=\mathrm{9}−\mathrm{1}=\mathrm{8}\:\Rightarrow{z}_{\mathrm{1}} =\mathrm{3}+\mathrm{2}\sqrt{\mathrm{2}} \\ $$$$\mathrm{z}_{\mathrm{2}} =\mathrm{3}−\mathrm{2}\sqrt{\mathrm{2}} \\ $$$$\varphi\left({z}\right)\:=\frac{\mathrm{4}{i}}{\left({z}−{z}_{\mathrm{1}} \right)\left({z}−{z}_{\mathrm{2}} \right)} \\ $$$$\mid{z}_{\mathrm{1}} \mid−\mathrm{1}\:=\mathrm{3}+\mathrm{2}\sqrt{\mathrm{2}}−\mathrm{1}\:=\mathrm{2}+\mathrm{2}\sqrt{\mathrm{2}}>\mathrm{0} \\ $$$$\mid{z}_{\mathrm{2}} \mid−\mathrm{1}\:=\mathrm{3}−\mathrm{2}\sqrt{\mathrm{2}}−\mathrm{1}=\mathrm{2}−\mathrm{2}\sqrt{\mathrm{2}}<\mathrm{0} \\ $$$$\Rightarrow\int_{\mid{z}\mid=\mathrm{1}} \:\:\varphi\left({z}\right){dz}\:=\mathrm{2}{i}\pi\:{Res}\left(\varphi,{z}_{\mathrm{2}} \right) \\ $$$$=\mathrm{2}{i}\pi×\frac{\mathrm{4}{i}}{\left({z}_{\mathrm{2}} −{z}_{\mathrm{1}} \right)}\:=\frac{−\mathrm{8}\pi}{−\mathrm{4}\sqrt{\mathrm{2}}}\:=\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi}{\:\sqrt{\mathrm{2}}} \\ $$$$=\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi\sqrt{\mathrm{2}}}{\mathrm{2}}\:=\pi\sqrt{\mathrm{2}}\:\Rightarrow\:{I}\:=\pi\sqrt{\mathrm{2}} \\ $$

Answered by mathmax by abdo last updated on 20/Nov/20

2) A =∫_(−∞) ^(+∞)  (x^2 /(x^4  +5x^2  +4))dx let decompose F(u)=(u/(u^2  +5u+4))  Δ=25−16 =9 ⇒u_1 =((−5+3)/2)=−1 and u_2 =((−5−3)/2)=−4 ⇒  F(u) =(u/((u+1)(u+4))) =(1/3)u((1/(u+1))−(1/(u+4)))=(1/3)((u/(u+1))−(u/(u+4)))  =(1/3)(((u+1−1)/(u+1))−((u+4−4)/(u+4)))=(1/3)(1−(1/(u+1))−1+(4/(u+4)))=(1/3)((4/(u+4))−(1/(u+1)))  ⇒A =(1/3)∫_(−∞) ^(+∞) {(4/(x^2 +4))−(1/(x^2  +1))}dx  =(4/3)∫_(−∞) ^(+∞)  (dx/(x^2  +4))−(1/3)∫_(−∞) ^(+∞)  (dx/(x^2  +1))dx  we have  ∫_(−∞) ^(+∞)  (dx/(x^2  +4))=2iπ Res(f,2i) =2iπ×(1/(4i)) =(π/2)  ∫_(−∞) ^(+∞)  (dx/(x^2  +1))dx =2iπ Res(f,i) =2iπ.(1/(2i))=π ⇒  A =(4/3).(π/2)−(π/3) =((2π)/3)−(π/3) ⇒ A =(π/3)

$$\left.\mathrm{2}\right)\:\mathrm{A}\:=\int_{−\infty} ^{+\infty} \:\frac{\mathrm{x}^{\mathrm{2}} }{\mathrm{x}^{\mathrm{4}} \:+\mathrm{5x}^{\mathrm{2}} \:+\mathrm{4}}\mathrm{dx}\:\mathrm{let}\:\mathrm{decompose}\:\mathrm{F}\left(\mathrm{u}\right)=\frac{\mathrm{u}}{\mathrm{u}^{\mathrm{2}} \:+\mathrm{5u}+\mathrm{4}} \\ $$$$\Delta=\mathrm{25}−\mathrm{16}\:=\mathrm{9}\:\Rightarrow\mathrm{u}_{\mathrm{1}} =\frac{−\mathrm{5}+\mathrm{3}}{\mathrm{2}}=−\mathrm{1}\:\mathrm{and}\:\mathrm{u}_{\mathrm{2}} =\frac{−\mathrm{5}−\mathrm{3}}{\mathrm{2}}=−\mathrm{4}\:\Rightarrow \\ $$$$\mathrm{F}\left(\mathrm{u}\right)\:=\frac{\mathrm{u}}{\left(\mathrm{u}+\mathrm{1}\right)\left(\mathrm{u}+\mathrm{4}\right)}\:=\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{3}}\mathrm{u}\left(\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{u}+\mathrm{1}}−\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{u}+\mathrm{4}}\right)=\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{3}}\left(\frac{\mathrm{u}}{\mathrm{u}+\mathrm{1}}−\frac{\mathrm{u}}{\mathrm{u}+\mathrm{4}}\right) \\ $$$$=\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{3}}\left(\frac{\mathrm{u}+\mathrm{1}−\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{u}+\mathrm{1}}−\frac{\mathrm{u}+\mathrm{4}−\mathrm{4}}{\mathrm{u}+\mathrm{4}}\right)=\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{3}}\left(\mathrm{1}−\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{u}+\mathrm{1}}−\mathrm{1}+\frac{\mathrm{4}}{\mathrm{u}+\mathrm{4}}\right)=\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{3}}\left(\frac{\mathrm{4}}{\mathrm{u}+\mathrm{4}}−\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{u}+\mathrm{1}}\right) \\ $$$$\Rightarrow\mathrm{A}\:=\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{3}}\int_{−\infty} ^{+\infty} \left\{\frac{\mathrm{4}}{\mathrm{x}^{\mathrm{2}} +\mathrm{4}}−\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{x}^{\mathrm{2}} \:+\mathrm{1}}\right\}\mathrm{dx} \\ $$$$=\frac{\mathrm{4}}{\mathrm{3}}\int_{−\infty} ^{+\infty} \:\frac{\mathrm{dx}}{\mathrm{x}^{\mathrm{2}} \:+\mathrm{4}}−\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{3}}\int_{−\infty} ^{+\infty} \:\frac{\mathrm{dx}}{\mathrm{x}^{\mathrm{2}} \:+\mathrm{1}}\mathrm{dx}\:\:\mathrm{we}\:\mathrm{have} \\ $$$$\int_{−\infty} ^{+\infty} \:\frac{\mathrm{dx}}{\mathrm{x}^{\mathrm{2}} \:+\mathrm{4}}=\mathrm{2i}\pi\:\mathrm{Res}\left(\mathrm{f},\mathrm{2i}\right)\:=\mathrm{2i}\pi×\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{4i}}\:=\frac{\pi}{\mathrm{2}} \\ $$$$\int_{−\infty} ^{+\infty} \:\frac{\mathrm{dx}}{\mathrm{x}^{\mathrm{2}} \:+\mathrm{1}}\mathrm{dx}\:=\mathrm{2i}\pi\:\mathrm{Res}\left(\mathrm{f},\mathrm{i}\right)\:=\mathrm{2i}\pi.\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2i}}=\pi\:\Rightarrow \\ $$$$\mathrm{A}\:=\frac{\mathrm{4}}{\mathrm{3}}.\frac{\pi}{\mathrm{2}}−\frac{\pi}{\mathrm{3}}\:=\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi}{\mathrm{3}}−\frac{\pi}{\mathrm{3}}\:\Rightarrow\:\mathrm{A}\:=\frac{\pi}{\mathrm{3}} \\ $$

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