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Question Number 135627 by mnjuly1970 last updated on 14/Mar/21

                 ... nice ................. calculus ...         evaluation:::::   𝛗=^(???) ∫_0 ^( (π/2)) sin(x)ln(sin(x))dx         solution:::::        𝛗=^(⟨cos(x)=y⟩)  (1/2)∫_0 ^( 1) ln(1−y^2 )dy            =−(1/2)∫_0 ^( 1) Σ_(n=1  ) ^∞ (y^(2n) /n)=((−1)/2)Σ_(n=1) ^∞ ((1/n)∫_0 ^( 1) y^(2n) dy)           =((−1)/2)Σ_(n=1) ^∞ (1/(n(2n+1)))=−Σ_(n=1) ^∞ (1/(2n)) −(1/(2n+1))          =−((1/2)−(1/3)+(1/4)−(1/5)+...)           =−1+(1−(1/2)+(1/3)−...)           =−1+Σ_(n=1) ^∞ (((−1)^(n−1) )/n)=_(harmonic seties) ^(alternating) −1+ln(2)              ∴                𝛗= −1+ln(2)=ln((2/e))

$$\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:...\:{nice}\:.................\:{calculus}\:... \\ $$$$\:\:\:\:\:\:\:{evaluation}:::::\:\:\:\boldsymbol{\phi}\overset{???} {=}\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\:\frac{\pi}{\mathrm{2}}} {sin}\left({x}\right){ln}\left({sin}\left({x}\right)\right){dx} \\ $$$$\:\:\:\:\:\:\:{solution}::::: \\ $$$$\:\:\:\:\:\:\boldsymbol{\phi}\overset{\langle{cos}\left({x}\right)={y}\rangle} {=}\:\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\:\mathrm{1}} {ln}\left(\mathrm{1}−{y}^{\mathrm{2}} \right){dy} \\ $$$$\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:=−\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\:\mathrm{1}} \underset{{n}=\mathrm{1}\:\:} {\overset{\infty} {\sum}}\frac{{y}^{\mathrm{2}{n}} }{{n}}=\frac{−\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}\underset{{n}=\mathrm{1}} {\overset{\infty} {\sum}}\left(\frac{\mathrm{1}}{{n}}\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\:\mathrm{1}} {y}^{\mathrm{2}{n}} {dy}\right) \\ $$$$\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:=\frac{−\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}\underset{{n}=\mathrm{1}} {\overset{\infty} {\sum}}\frac{\mathrm{1}}{{n}\left(\mathrm{2}{n}+\mathrm{1}\right)}=−\underset{{n}=\mathrm{1}} {\overset{\infty} {\sum}}\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}{n}}\:−\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}{n}+\mathrm{1}} \\ $$$$\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:=−\left(\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}−\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{3}}+\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{4}}−\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{5}}+...\right) \\ $$$$\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:=−\mathrm{1}+\left(\mathrm{1}−\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}+\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{3}}−...\right) \\ $$$$\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:=−\mathrm{1}+\underset{{n}=\mathrm{1}} {\overset{\infty} {\sum}}\frac{\left(−\mathrm{1}\right)^{{n}−\mathrm{1}} }{{n}}\underset{{harmonic}\:{seties}} {\overset{{alternating}} {=}}−\mathrm{1}+{ln}\left(\mathrm{2}\right) \\ $$$$\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\therefore\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\boldsymbol{\phi}=\:−\mathrm{1}+{ln}\left(\mathrm{2}\right)={ln}\left(\frac{\mathrm{2}}{{e}}\right) \\ $$$$\:\:\: \\ $$$$ \\ $$$$\:\:\:\:\: \\ $$

Answered by Dwaipayan Shikari last updated on 14/Mar/21

I(a)=∫_0 ^(π/2) sin^a (x)dx  I′(a)=∫_0 ^(π/2) log(sinx) sin^a x dx  I(a)=((Γ(((a+1)/2))(√π))/(2Γ((a/2)+1)))⇒I′(a)=((√π)/2).(((1/2)Γ((a/2)+1)Γ′(((a+1)/2))−(1/2)Γ′((a/2)+1)Γ(((a+1)/2)))/(Γ^2 ((a/2)+1)))  I′(1)=((√π)/4).((−γΓ((3/2))+−Γ((3/2))ψ((3/2)))/(π/4))  =−γΓ((3/2))−(1/2)ψ((3/2))=−(1/2)(2−2log(2))=log((2/e))

$${I}\left({a}\right)=\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\frac{\pi}{\mathrm{2}}} {sin}^{{a}} \left({x}\right){dx} \\ $$$${I}'\left({a}\right)=\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\frac{\pi}{\mathrm{2}}} {log}\left({sinx}\right)\:{sin}^{{a}} {x}\:{dx} \\ $$$${I}\left({a}\right)=\frac{\Gamma\left(\frac{{a}+\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}\right)\sqrt{\pi}}{\mathrm{2}\Gamma\left(\frac{{a}}{\mathrm{2}}+\mathrm{1}\right)}\Rightarrow{I}'\left({a}\right)=\frac{\sqrt{\pi}}{\mathrm{2}}.\frac{\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}\Gamma\left(\frac{{a}}{\mathrm{2}}+\mathrm{1}\right)\Gamma'\left(\frac{{a}+\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}\right)−\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}\Gamma'\left(\frac{{a}}{\mathrm{2}}+\mathrm{1}\right)\Gamma\left(\frac{{a}+\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}\right)}{\Gamma^{\mathrm{2}} \left(\frac{{a}}{\mathrm{2}}+\mathrm{1}\right)} \\ $$$${I}'\left(\mathrm{1}\right)=\frac{\sqrt{\pi}}{\mathrm{4}}.\frac{−\gamma\Gamma\left(\frac{\mathrm{3}}{\mathrm{2}}\right)+−\Gamma\left(\frac{\mathrm{3}}{\mathrm{2}}\right)\psi\left(\frac{\mathrm{3}}{\mathrm{2}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{\mathrm{4}}} \\ $$$$=−\gamma\Gamma\left(\frac{\mathrm{3}}{\mathrm{2}}\right)−\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}\psi\left(\frac{\mathrm{3}}{\mathrm{2}}\right)=−\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}\left(\mathrm{2}−\mathrm{2}{log}\left(\mathrm{2}\right)\right)={log}\left(\frac{\mathrm{2}}{{e}}\right) \\ $$

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