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Question Number 170958 by cortano1 last updated on 04/Jun/22

      log _5 (x+3)=log _6 (x+14)

$$\:\:\:\:\:\:\mathrm{log}\:_{\mathrm{5}} \left({x}+\mathrm{3}\right)=\mathrm{log}\:_{\mathrm{6}} \left({x}+\mathrm{14}\right) \\ $$

Answered by floor(10²Eta[1]) last updated on 05/Jun/22

log_5 (x+3)=y=log_6 (x+14)  x+3=5^y   x+14=6^y   5^y +11=6^y   y=2⇒5^2 +11=6^2   let′s show that for y>2⇒6^y >5^y +11  let f(y)=6^y −5^y −11  we want: f(y)>0, ∀ y>2  f(2)=0  f′(y)=6^y ln6−5^y ln5  but f′(y)>0, ∀ y>2  ⇒f is increasing on the interval [2,+∞)  since f(2)=0⇒f(y)>0, ∀ y>2  ⇒6^y >5^y +11, ∀ y>2  ⇒y=2 is the only solution to 6^y =5^y +11  ⇒x+3=5^2 ⇒x=22

$$\mathrm{log}_{\mathrm{5}} \left(\mathrm{x}+\mathrm{3}\right)=\mathrm{y}=\mathrm{log}_{\mathrm{6}} \left(\mathrm{x}+\mathrm{14}\right) \\ $$$$\mathrm{x}+\mathrm{3}=\mathrm{5}^{\mathrm{y}} \\ $$$$\mathrm{x}+\mathrm{14}=\mathrm{6}^{\mathrm{y}} \\ $$$$\mathrm{5}^{\mathrm{y}} +\mathrm{11}=\mathrm{6}^{\mathrm{y}} \\ $$$$\mathrm{y}=\mathrm{2}\Rightarrow\mathrm{5}^{\mathrm{2}} +\mathrm{11}=\mathrm{6}^{\mathrm{2}} \\ $$$$\mathrm{let}'\mathrm{s}\:\mathrm{show}\:\mathrm{that}\:\mathrm{for}\:\mathrm{y}>\mathrm{2}\Rightarrow\mathrm{6}^{\mathrm{y}} >\mathrm{5}^{\mathrm{y}} +\mathrm{11} \\ $$$$\mathrm{let}\:\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{y}\right)=\mathrm{6}^{\mathrm{y}} −\mathrm{5}^{\mathrm{y}} −\mathrm{11} \\ $$$$\mathrm{we}\:\mathrm{want}:\:\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{y}\right)>\mathrm{0},\:\forall\:\mathrm{y}>\mathrm{2} \\ $$$$\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{2}\right)=\mathrm{0} \\ $$$$\mathrm{f}'\left(\mathrm{y}\right)=\mathrm{6}^{\mathrm{y}} \mathrm{ln6}−\mathrm{5}^{\mathrm{y}} \mathrm{ln5} \\ $$$$\mathrm{but}\:\mathrm{f}'\left(\mathrm{y}\right)>\mathrm{0},\:\forall\:\mathrm{y}>\mathrm{2} \\ $$$$\Rightarrow\mathrm{f}\:\mathrm{is}\:\mathrm{increasing}\:\mathrm{on}\:\mathrm{the}\:\mathrm{interval}\:\left[\mathrm{2},+\infty\right) \\ $$$$\mathrm{since}\:\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{2}\right)=\mathrm{0}\Rightarrow\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{y}\right)>\mathrm{0},\:\forall\:\mathrm{y}>\mathrm{2} \\ $$$$\Rightarrow\mathrm{6}^{\mathrm{y}} >\mathrm{5}^{\mathrm{y}} +\mathrm{11},\:\forall\:\mathrm{y}>\mathrm{2} \\ $$$$\Rightarrow\mathrm{y}=\mathrm{2}\:\mathrm{is}\:\mathrm{the}\:\mathrm{only}\:\mathrm{solution}\:\mathrm{to}\:\mathrm{6}^{\mathrm{y}} =\mathrm{5}^{\mathrm{y}} +\mathrm{11} \\ $$$$\Rightarrow\mathrm{x}+\mathrm{3}=\mathrm{5}^{\mathrm{2}} \Rightarrow\mathrm{x}=\mathrm{22} \\ $$

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