Question and Answers Forum

All Questions      Topic List

Relation and Functions Questions

Previous in All Question      Next in All Question      

Previous in Relation and Functions      Next in Relation and Functions      

Question Number 19978 by Tinkutara last updated on 19/Aug/17

Let f be a one-to-one function from  the set of natural numbers to itself  such that f(mn) = f(m)f(n) for all  natural numbers m and n. What is the  least possible value of f(999)?

$$\mathrm{Let}\:{f}\:\mathrm{be}\:\mathrm{a}\:\mathrm{one}-\mathrm{to}-\mathrm{one}\:\mathrm{function}\:\mathrm{from} \\ $$$$\mathrm{the}\:\mathrm{set}\:\mathrm{of}\:\mathrm{natural}\:\mathrm{numbers}\:\mathrm{to}\:\mathrm{itself} \\ $$$$\mathrm{such}\:\mathrm{that}\:{f}\left({mn}\right)\:=\:{f}\left({m}\right){f}\left({n}\right)\:\mathrm{for}\:\mathrm{all} \\ $$$$\mathrm{natural}\:\mathrm{numbers}\:{m}\:\mathrm{and}\:{n}.\:\mathrm{What}\:\mathrm{is}\:\mathrm{the} \\ $$$$\mathrm{least}\:\mathrm{possible}\:\mathrm{value}\:\mathrm{of}\:{f}\left(\mathrm{999}\right)? \\ $$

Answered by mrW1 last updated on 20/Aug/17

Every natural number N can be written  as the product of a serial of prime  numbers:  N=p_1 ^q_1  ×p_2 ^q_2  ×...×p_k ^q_k    p=prime numbers 1,2,3,5,7....    since f(mn)=f(m)f(n)  f(N)=[f(p_1 )]^q_1  ×[f(p_2 )]^q_2  ×...×[f(p_k )]^q_k      for f(N) to be a one to one funtion, it is  to say that f(p_i ) with i=1,2,...∞ must  be different.    f(1)=f(1×1)=f(1)×f(1)  ⇒f(1)=1  i.e. only f(1) should be 1, f(p_i ) with i>2  can be freely choosen.    With N=999=1×3^3 ×37  ⇒f(999)=f(1)×[f(3)]^3 ×f(37)  to keep f(999) as small as possible we  can choose  f(3)=2 and f(37)=3  ⇒f(999)=1×2^3 ×3=24

$$\mathrm{Every}\:\mathrm{natural}\:\mathrm{number}\:\mathrm{N}\:\mathrm{can}\:\mathrm{be}\:\mathrm{written} \\ $$$$\mathrm{as}\:\mathrm{the}\:\mathrm{product}\:\mathrm{of}\:\mathrm{a}\:\mathrm{serial}\:\mathrm{of}\:\mathrm{prime} \\ $$$$\mathrm{numbers}: \\ $$$$\mathrm{N}=\mathrm{p}_{\mathrm{1}} ^{\mathrm{q}_{\mathrm{1}} } ×\mathrm{p}_{\mathrm{2}} ^{\mathrm{q}_{\mathrm{2}} } ×...×\mathrm{p}_{\mathrm{k}} ^{\mathrm{q}_{\mathrm{k}} } \\ $$$$\mathrm{p}=\mathrm{prime}\:\mathrm{numbers}\:\mathrm{1},\mathrm{2},\mathrm{3},\mathrm{5},\mathrm{7}.... \\ $$$$ \\ $$$$\mathrm{since}\:\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{mn}\right)=\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{m}\right)\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{n}\right) \\ $$$$\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{N}\right)=\left[\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{p}_{\mathrm{1}} \right)\right]^{\mathrm{q}_{\mathrm{1}} } ×\left[\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{p}_{\mathrm{2}} \right)\right]^{\mathrm{q}_{\mathrm{2}} } ×...×\left[\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{p}_{\mathrm{k}} \right)\right]^{\mathrm{q}_{\mathrm{k}} } \\ $$$$ \\ $$$$\mathrm{for}\:\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{N}\right)\:\mathrm{to}\:\mathrm{be}\:\mathrm{a}\:\mathrm{one}\:\mathrm{to}\:\mathrm{one}\:\mathrm{funtion},\:\mathrm{it}\:\mathrm{is} \\ $$$$\mathrm{to}\:\mathrm{say}\:\mathrm{that}\:\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{p}_{\mathrm{i}} \right)\:\mathrm{with}\:\mathrm{i}=\mathrm{1},\mathrm{2},...\infty\:\mathrm{must} \\ $$$$\mathrm{be}\:\mathrm{different}. \\ $$$$ \\ $$$$\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{1}\right)=\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{1}×\mathrm{1}\right)=\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{1}\right)×\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{1}\right) \\ $$$$\Rightarrow\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{1}\right)=\mathrm{1} \\ $$$$\mathrm{i}.\mathrm{e}.\:\mathrm{only}\:\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{1}\right)\:\mathrm{should}\:\mathrm{be}\:\mathrm{1},\:\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{p}_{\mathrm{i}} \right)\:\mathrm{with}\:\mathrm{i}>\mathrm{2} \\ $$$$\mathrm{can}\:\mathrm{be}\:\mathrm{freely}\:\mathrm{choosen}. \\ $$$$ \\ $$$$\mathrm{With}\:\mathrm{N}=\mathrm{999}=\mathrm{1}×\mathrm{3}^{\mathrm{3}} ×\mathrm{37} \\ $$$$\Rightarrow\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{999}\right)=\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{1}\right)×\left[\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{3}\right)\right]^{\mathrm{3}} ×\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{37}\right) \\ $$$$\mathrm{to}\:\mathrm{keep}\:\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{999}\right)\:\mathrm{as}\:\mathrm{small}\:\mathrm{as}\:\mathrm{possible}\:\mathrm{we} \\ $$$$\mathrm{can}\:\mathrm{choose} \\ $$$$\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{3}\right)=\mathrm{2}\:\mathrm{and}\:\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{37}\right)=\mathrm{3} \\ $$$$\Rightarrow\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{999}\right)=\mathrm{1}×\mathrm{2}^{\mathrm{3}} ×\mathrm{3}=\mathrm{24} \\ $$

Commented by Tinkutara last updated on 20/Aug/17

Thank you very much Sir!

$$\mathrm{Thank}\:\mathrm{you}\:\mathrm{very}\:\mathrm{much}\:\mathrm{Sir}! \\ $$

Terms of Service

Privacy Policy

Contact: info@tinkutara.com