Question and Answers Forum

All Questions      Topic List

Integration Questions

Previous in All Question      Next in All Question      

Previous in Integration      Next in Integration      

Question Number 41518 by maxmathsup by imad last updated on 08/Aug/18

calculate  A_n = ∫_0 ^1 (1−t^2 )^n dt   with n integr natural

$${calculate}\:\:{A}_{{n}} =\:\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\mathrm{1}} \left(\mathrm{1}−{t}^{\mathrm{2}} \right)^{{n}} {dt}\:\:\:{with}\:{n}\:{integr}\:{natural} \\ $$

Answered by alex041103 last updated on 09/Aug/18

We know that  (a+b)^n =Σ_(k=0) ^n  ((k),(n) )a^(n−k) b^k   ⇒(1−t^2 )^n =Σ_(k=0) ^n (−1)^k  ((k),(n) )t^(2k)   ⇒A_n =∫_(  0) ^1 [ Σ_(k=0) ^n (−1)^k  ((k),(n) )t^(2k)  ]dt=  =Σ_(k=0) ^n  [(−1)^k  ((k),(n) ) ∫_(   0) ^1 t^(2k) dt]=  =Σ_(k=0) ^n  (((−1)^k  )/(2k+1)) ((k),(n) )

$${We}\:{know}\:{that} \\ $$$$\left({a}+{b}\right)^{{n}} =\underset{{k}=\mathrm{0}} {\overset{{n}} {\sum}}\begin{pmatrix}{{k}}\\{{n}}\end{pmatrix}{a}^{{n}−{k}} {b}^{{k}} \\ $$$$\Rightarrow\left(\mathrm{1}−{t}^{\mathrm{2}} \right)^{{n}} =\underset{{k}=\mathrm{0}} {\overset{{n}} {\sum}}\left(−\mathrm{1}\right)^{{k}} \begin{pmatrix}{{k}}\\{{n}}\end{pmatrix}{t}^{\mathrm{2}{k}} \\ $$$$\Rightarrow{A}_{{n}} =\underset{\:\:\mathrm{0}} {\overset{\mathrm{1}} {\int}}\left[\:\underset{{k}=\mathrm{0}} {\overset{{n}} {\sum}}\left(−\mathrm{1}\right)^{{k}} \begin{pmatrix}{{k}}\\{{n}}\end{pmatrix}{t}^{\mathrm{2}{k}} \:\right]{dt}= \\ $$$$=\underset{{k}=\mathrm{0}} {\overset{{n}} {\sum}}\:\left[\left(−\mathrm{1}\right)^{{k}} \begin{pmatrix}{{k}}\\{{n}}\end{pmatrix}\:\underset{\:\:\:\mathrm{0}} {\overset{\mathrm{1}} {\int}}{t}^{\mathrm{2}{k}} {dt}\right]= \\ $$$$=\underset{{k}=\mathrm{0}} {\overset{{n}} {\sum}}\:\frac{\left(−\mathrm{1}\right)^{{k}} \:}{\mathrm{2}{k}+\mathrm{1}}\begin{pmatrix}{{k}}\\{{n}}\end{pmatrix}\: \\ $$

Commented by tanmay.chaudhury50@gmail.com last updated on 10/Aug/18

excellent...

$${excellent}... \\ $$

Answered by math khazana by abdo last updated on 09/Aug/18

we have A_(n+1) =∫_0 ^1 (1−t^2 )^(n+1) dt  =∫_0 ^1 (1−t^2 )^n (1−t^2 )dt= ∫_0 ^1 (1−t^2 )^n  −∫_0 ^1 t^2 (1−t^2 )^n dt  =A_n  −∫_0 ^1  t^2 (1−t^2 )^n dt by parts  ∫_0 ^1 t^2 (1−t^2 )^n  dt =−(1/2) ∫_0 ^1  t(−2t)(1−t^2 )^n dt  =−(1/2){  [  (t/(n+1))(1−t^2 )^(n+1) ]_0 ^1  −∫_0 ^1  (1/(n+1))(1−t^2 )^(n+1) dt}  =(1/(2(n+1))) A_(n+1)  ⇒(1−(1/(2(n+1))))A_(n+1) =A_n  ⇒  ((2n+1)/(2n+2)) A_(n+1) = A_n  ⇒A_(n+1) =((2n+2)/(2n+1)) A_n   ⇒  Π_(k=0) ^(n−1)  A_(k+1) =Π_(k=0) ^(n−1)   ((2k+2)/(2k+1)) Π_(k=0) ^(n−1)  A_n  ⇒  A_n = Π_(k=0) ^(n−1)    ((2k+2)/(2k+1)) A_(0 )      but A_0 =1 ⇒  A_n =((2.4.8.....(2n))/(1.3.5......(2n−1))) =((2^n (n!) 2.4.8.....(2n))/(1.2.3.4.5.....(2n)))  =((2^(2n) (n!)^2 )/((2n)!)) .

$${we}\:{have}\:{A}_{{n}+\mathrm{1}} =\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\mathrm{1}} \left(\mathrm{1}−{t}^{\mathrm{2}} \right)^{{n}+\mathrm{1}} {dt} \\ $$$$=\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\mathrm{1}} \left(\mathrm{1}−{t}^{\mathrm{2}} \right)^{{n}} \left(\mathrm{1}−{t}^{\mathrm{2}} \right){dt}=\:\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\mathrm{1}} \left(\mathrm{1}−{t}^{\mathrm{2}} \right)^{{n}} \:−\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\mathrm{1}} {t}^{\mathrm{2}} \left(\mathrm{1}−{t}^{\mathrm{2}} \right)^{{n}} {dt} \\ $$$$={A}_{{n}} \:−\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\mathrm{1}} \:{t}^{\mathrm{2}} \left(\mathrm{1}−{t}^{\mathrm{2}} \right)^{{n}} {dt}\:{by}\:{parts} \\ $$$$\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\mathrm{1}} {t}^{\mathrm{2}} \left(\mathrm{1}−{t}^{\mathrm{2}} \right)^{{n}} \:{dt}\:=−\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}\:\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\mathrm{1}} \:{t}\left(−\mathrm{2}{t}\right)\left(\mathrm{1}−{t}^{\mathrm{2}} \right)^{{n}} {dt} \\ $$$$=−\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}\left\{\:\:\left[\:\:\frac{{t}}{{n}+\mathrm{1}}\left(\mathrm{1}−{t}^{\mathrm{2}} \right)^{{n}+\mathrm{1}} \right]_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\mathrm{1}} \:−\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\mathrm{1}} \:\frac{\mathrm{1}}{{n}+\mathrm{1}}\left(\mathrm{1}−{t}^{\mathrm{2}} \right)^{{n}+\mathrm{1}} {dt}\right\} \\ $$$$=\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}\left({n}+\mathrm{1}\right)}\:{A}_{{n}+\mathrm{1}} \:\Rightarrow\left(\mathrm{1}−\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}\left({n}+\mathrm{1}\right)}\right){A}_{{n}+\mathrm{1}} ={A}_{{n}} \:\Rightarrow \\ $$$$\frac{\mathrm{2}{n}+\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}{n}+\mathrm{2}}\:{A}_{{n}+\mathrm{1}} =\:{A}_{{n}} \:\Rightarrow{A}_{{n}+\mathrm{1}} =\frac{\mathrm{2}{n}+\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{2}{n}+\mathrm{1}}\:{A}_{{n}} \:\:\Rightarrow \\ $$$$\prod_{{k}=\mathrm{0}} ^{{n}−\mathrm{1}} \:{A}_{{k}+\mathrm{1}} =\prod_{{k}=\mathrm{0}} ^{{n}−\mathrm{1}} \:\:\frac{\mathrm{2}{k}+\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{2}{k}+\mathrm{1}}\:\prod_{{k}=\mathrm{0}} ^{{n}−\mathrm{1}} \:{A}_{{n}} \:\Rightarrow \\ $$$${A}_{{n}} =\:\prod_{{k}=\mathrm{0}} ^{{n}−\mathrm{1}} \:\:\:\frac{\mathrm{2}{k}+\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{2}{k}+\mathrm{1}}\:{A}_{\mathrm{0}\:} \:\:\:\:\:{but}\:{A}_{\mathrm{0}} =\mathrm{1}\:\Rightarrow \\ $$$${A}_{{n}} =\frac{\mathrm{2}.\mathrm{4}.\mathrm{8}.....\left(\mathrm{2}{n}\right)}{\mathrm{1}.\mathrm{3}.\mathrm{5}......\left(\mathrm{2}{n}−\mathrm{1}\right)}\:=\frac{\mathrm{2}^{{n}} \left({n}!\right)\:\mathrm{2}.\mathrm{4}.\mathrm{8}.....\left(\mathrm{2}{n}\right)}{\mathrm{1}.\mathrm{2}.\mathrm{3}.\mathrm{4}.\mathrm{5}.....\left(\mathrm{2}{n}\right)} \\ $$$$=\frac{\mathrm{2}^{\mathrm{2}{n}} \left({n}!\right)^{\mathrm{2}} }{\left(\mathrm{2}{n}\right)!}\:. \\ $$

Commented by alex041103 last updated on 10/Aug/18

Perfect! Deserves a like!

$${Perfect}!\:{Deserves}\:{a}\:{like}! \\ $$

Answered by tanmay.chaudhury50@gmail.com last updated on 10/Aug/18

let t=sin∝  dt=cos∝d∝  ∫_0 ^(Π/2) cos^(2n) ∝cos∝ d∝  ∫_0 ^(Π/2) cos^(2n+1) ∝.sin^0 ∝ d∝  ∫_0 ^(Π/2) cos^(2(n+1)−1) .sin^(2.(1/2)−1) ∝d∝  ((⌈(2n+2)⌈((1/2)))/(2⌈(2n+2+(1/2))))  ⌈(n)=gamma function

$${let}\:{t}={sin}\propto\:\:{dt}={cos}\propto{d}\propto \\ $$$$\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\frac{\Pi}{\mathrm{2}}} {cos}^{\mathrm{2}{n}} \propto{cos}\propto\:{d}\propto \\ $$$$\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\frac{\Pi}{\mathrm{2}}} {cos}^{\mathrm{2}{n}+\mathrm{1}} \propto.{sin}^{\mathrm{0}} \propto\:{d}\propto \\ $$$$\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\frac{\Pi}{\mathrm{2}}} {cos}^{\mathrm{2}\left({n}+\mathrm{1}\right)−\mathrm{1}} .{sin}^{\mathrm{2}.\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}−\mathrm{1}} \propto{d}\propto \\ $$$$\frac{\lceil\left(\mathrm{2}{n}+\mathrm{2}\right)\lceil\left(\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}\right)}{\mathrm{2}\lceil\left(\mathrm{2}{n}+\mathrm{2}+\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}\right)}\:\:\lceil\left({n}\right)={gamma}\:{function} \\ $$$$ \\ $$

Commented by tanmay.chaudhury50@gmail.com last updated on 10/Aug/18

Terms of Service

Privacy Policy

Contact: info@tinkutara.com